Sonora is a State located on the northwest of Mexico, it limits at the north side with the United States, to the south with the State of Sinaloa, to the east with the State of Chihuahua and to the west with the Bermejo Sea or Sea of Cortés. Its indigenous population is divided in 8 tribes, from which 7 are native and the one left has more than 100 years of permanence in the State.

Recently a migrant indigenous population has gotten up itself, fundamentally of the States of Oaxaca and Chiapas. Some of them present alarming signs of extinction at the moment.The indigenous populations of this State present peculiar characteristics like their location, which is either in Sonora as in some other neighboring State of Mexico or the United States.

By their number of inhabitants they are grouped in the following way:

Mayos or Yóreme mayo("The one that respects tradition"): It is the most numerous group of the State, with an approximated population of 72,000 inhabitants, around 32000 live in Sonora and 40,000 live in our neighbor state Sinaloa. They maintain alive their language and their celebrations are related to the catholic ritual. They emphasize their dances of the deer, pascolas and matachines.
Yaqui or Yoheme yaqui("Man or person"): This is the indigenous group that represnts Sonora the most. Distributed in eight towns with their own governors, the population of this group is considered to be 32,000 inhabitants. They jealously keep the use from their language, their traditions and their root to the Earth. Their main festivities show a religious syncretism between their ancestral rites and the Jesuit evangelization of century XVII. The dance of the deer Yaqui is most well-known inside and outside the State, in addition to others like the dance of coyotes, the pascolas and matachines.
Pimas Bajos or O'ob ("Town people") they are located in the central zone of the Mountain range Madre Occidental of the State, neighboring with Chihuahua, and living in small communities and little settlements scattered by the municipality of Yécora. The present population approaches the 1,600 inhabitants in both states, from wich 800 live in Sonora. Their main festivity is "el Yúmare", a ritual of gratefulness by the rise of a good harvest. They also celebrate the Holy Week, among other catholic festivities. This is one of the indigenous populations that  is in extinction danger.
Guarijíos or Makurawe ("Those who wonder the land”): they are located to the Southeast of the State. It is very difficult to accede to them because they live in very recondite places on the Mountain range of Álamos, distributed in settlements and two great populations: Quiriego and Mesa Colorada. Their population reaches the 1,100 inhabitants and their celebrations are related to rains and the holy patterns.
Seri or Conca'ac ("Men of sand”): with a population considered in 620 people, they are located in two comunities at the shores of the Sea of Cortés: Punta Chueca, from the municipality of Hermosillo, and Desemboque, from the municipality of Pitiiquito. Their ritual celebrations are focused to their cosmic relation with the sea and the desert, like the celebration of the Caguama of Seven Edges, the New Year (in the first Full Moon of July), the celebration of the Puberty and the one of the Great Basket.
Pápago or Tohono O'odham ("The people of the desert"): also known as High Pimas. With a population of less than 400 inhabitants they are located in the desert of Sonora, in the municipalities of Caborca, Altar, Saric, Peñasco and Sonoita to the north of the State. Their main festivity; "Vi ikita", it is celebrated to invoke rains; also they have other festivities related to the catholic rituals. There is a greater  population of this same group that lives in the south of Arizona.
Cucapá (“The one that arrives”): It is the smaller indigenous group, located to the northwest of the State, in the municipality of San Luis Rio Colorado, in the border with the United States. At the moment this is an almost extinct ethnic group in Sonora, with a population of little more than 95 inhabitants. Within the rituals that they still preserve, the most important is related to the funeral ceremony.
Kikapoo: With a presence in Sonora of more than 100 years, they are located in the municipality of Bacerac, in the Northeast Mountain range of the State. Whit the need of integration of the original group stared an assimilation of the sonoran racially mixed customs giving as consequence the loss of their language and traditions. Their present population is 90 people.